Agroplantae: Jurnal Ilmiah Terapan Budidaya dan Pengelolaan Tanaman Pertanian dan Perkebunan

PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI PADI (Oryza sativa L) MENGGUNAKAN BERBAGAI SISTEM TANAM PADA VARIETAS YANG BERBEDA

Heriyansah Dwi Putra — 2024-09-30

Rice is the most important food crop in Indonesia. Indonesian people use rice as a daily staple, because rice contains a source of sugar and energy. The aim of the research is to determine the planting systems, varieties and interactions between planting systems and varieties that provide the highest growth and production in rice plants. This research uses a 2 factor factorial design, the first factor is the planting system which consists of 3 treatments: 20 x 20 cm tile planting system, 25 x 25 cm tile planting system, and 2 row legowo planting system: 1, the second factor is Variety (V) which consists of 2 treatments, namely the Ciherang Variety and the Mekongga Variety. The observation parameters are plant height, number of tillers, number of productive tillers, number of perennial seeds, weight of permalai seeds, weight of 1000 grains, and weight of grain per unit. The research results showed that the Jajar Legowo 2:1 planting system gave the highest average number of tillers, namely 24.8 stems, and the highest number of productive saplings with an average of 18.9 stems. The Ciherang variety has a higher plant height and number of perennial seeds than the Mekongga variety

PENGARUH KONSENTRASI DAN INTERVAL WAKTU PEMBERIAN BIOSAKA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN JAGUNG MANIS (Zea mays saccharata Strut)

Nur Hainul Muh. Ali — 2024-09-30

Sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt) is a type of agricultural plant that produces a lot of carbohydrates. The aim of the research is to determine the effect of biosaka concentration, the effect of biosaka time interval, and the interaction between concentration and time interval of biosaka on the growth and production of sweet corn plants. 2 factor factorial design, the first factor is Biosaka concentration (K) which consists of 2 treatment levels, 40 ml/15L and 50ml/15L. the second group is Biosaka Time Interval (W) which consists of 3 treatment levels, once every 3 days, once every 6 days and once every 9 days. The observation parameters are plant height, number of leaves, flowering age, number of seeds per seed, number of rows per row, production per unit. The results showed that the height growth of sweet corn plants with the best average yield was 158.07 cm in the K2W1 treatment, the best average number of leaves was 11.33 in the K2W3 treatment, the average flowering age for the best yield was 50.33 in K1W2 treatment. The best sweet corn production yield was 4.97 in the K2W1 treatment

SELF INCOMPATIBILITY PADA TANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

Renica Nurhermawati — 2024-09-30

Self-incompatibility (SI) is a genetic mechanism which prevents self-pollination and encourages plant cross-pollination, but the mechanism has not been studied on oil palm. The article examines possibilities of SI mechanisms on oil palm which cause pollination failure. References which were published nationally (S2-S3) and internationally (Q1-Q4) were utilized. In general, plants have two types of SI: heteromorphic self-incompatibility (HetSI) and homomorphic self-incompatibility (HomSI). HetSI is caused by plants having morphologically different flower types, while HomSI occurs when plants have morphologically similar flowers. However, an SI mechanism is still regulated at the genetic level. Homomorphic SI can also be divided into two types based on the genetic determinants of pollen incompatibility: Gametophytic Self Incompatibility (GSI) and Sporophytic Self Incompatibility (SSI). In GSI, the SI mechanism is controlled by the genotype of the pollen itself, which is haploid, while in SSI, it is determined by the genotype of the plant tissue (sporophyte) that produces the pollen and is diploid. The S-locus regulates both types of SI with different mechanisms. In seedless oil palm plants, S-RNAse was found to play a role in the degradation of pollen tubes, SRK (S-receptor kinase), and SLG (S-locus glycoprotein), which are genes that regulate the HomSI mechanism in several plants. The presence of S-RNAse and genes in the S-locus raises the possibility of an SI mechanism in oil palms that produce seedless fruit. In addition, a mechanism of stenospermy and endosperm tissue abnormalities is thought to produce fruit with sterile seeds (without embryos) in oil palms. However, it is still being determined whether both are part of the SI response or not. So, further studies are needed to confirm this and give the new perspectives

PENGARUH PEMUPUKAN BIO URIN KELINCI DAN NPK PADA VARIABEL VEGETATIF TANAMAN SORGUM (Sorghum bicolor L.)

Atika Yuri Pricilia — 2024-09-30

SRabbit urine can be used as organic liquid fertilizer for sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) because this plant require higher N nutrient than other nutrients. This study aims to obtain a combination of Rabbit Bio Urine (BUK) fertilizer concentration and NPK fertilizer dosage that can give the best results on the growth of sorghum plants (Sorghum bicolor L.). The research method used is a non-factorial Randomized Group Design (RAK) consisting of 6 levels, namely: P1 (BUK 0 ml/L + 100% NPK), P2 (BUK 41 ml/L + 80% NPK), P3 (BUK 27 ml/L + 80% NPK), P4 (BUK 18 ml/L + 80% NPK), P5 (BUK 9 ml/L + 80% NPK), and P6 (BUK 5 ml/L + 80% NPK). The application of rabbit bio urine fertilizer gives a real effect on the parameters of plant height and stem diameter at the age of 36 HST and 42 HST. In the parameter of the number of leaves, rabbit bio urine fertilizer and NPK gave no significant effect at all observation times. The P2 treatment (BUK 41 ml/L + NPK 80%) gave the highest results in the parameters of plant height at the age of 36 HST and 42 HST which amounted to 98,1 cm and 123,7 cm. In the parameter of stem diameter, the highest result was obtained by P1 (BUK 0 ml/L + NPK 100%) which amounted to 14,8 mm. .

Keywords : N Nutrient, Rabbit Urine Bio Fertilizer, Sorghum

PEMANFAATAN FITOHORMON UNTUK PRODUKSI BIBIT KENTANG (Solanum tuberosum L.) SEHAT MELALUI KULTUR JARINGAN

Sitti Inderiati — 2024-09-30

Tissue culture is the primary method of propagating potato plants for the development of superior, pathogen-free seeds. One of the most critical aspects influencing tissue culture performance is the presence of growth hormones in the planting media. This study investigated the use of phytohormones found in coconut water as an alternative for pricey synthetic growth hormones. The purpose of study is to determine the optimal coconut water concentration for increasing potato seed growth and production potato plantlet. Explants were cut from potato plantlets and planted aseptically in Murashige and Skoog media, with coconut water added at varying concentrations as treatment. The experiment was designed using a completely randomized design, and the experimental data were analysed using analysis of variance and additional honest significant difference tests. The results showed that the treatment had a significant effect on the parameters of sprouting speed and root length, but not on the parameters of number of shoots, shoot height, and number of leaves. The 150 mg/l coconut water treatment resulted in the fastest micro shoots and the greatest number of leaves. The 100 mg/l coconut water treatment resulted in the highest number of shoots, shoot height, and root length. Based on these findings, it was determined that a coconut water concentration of 100 ml/l was more successful in promoting the growth and producing of potato plantlets than synthetic hormones, and therefore, may be recommended for developing potato tissue culture.

KOMPOSISI BERBAGAI MEDIA TANAM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN PORANG (Amorphophallus onchophyllus)

Rachmat Rachmat — 2024-09-30

The selection of the right growing medium is a crucial factor in the cultivation of porang (Amorphophallus onchophyllus). The growing medium's quality directly affects this plant's growth and yield. This study aims to find out the effect of the composition of various planting media on the growth of porang plants with the observed parameters consisting of bud growth time, the number of shoots, shoot height, and root volume. This study employed a Randomized Block Design with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments given were P0 (without treatment), P1 (2,000 g of soil + 1,000 g of goat manure + 1,000 g of husk charcoal), P2 (2,000 g of soil + 1,000 g of goat manure + 1,000 g of banana midrib), and P3 (2,000 g of soil + 1,000 g of goat manure + 1,000 g bamboo leaf charcoal). This study was followed by extension activities which were evaluated at the beginning (the initial evaluation) and the end (the final evaluation). Results indicated that the use of various compositions of effective growing media had a significant effect on the outcomes. The planting media composition on P2 with 2,000 g of soil, 1,000 g of goat manure, and 1,000 g of banana midrib gave the best results for all parameters in which the average shoot growth time was 5 DAP, the average number of shoots was 5 and 6 shoots after 60 DAP, the average shoot height was 2.9 cm at 60 DAP, and the average root volume was 19.9 ml.

PENGARUH APLIKASI BIOSTIMULAN EKSTRAK DAUN KELOR (Moringa oleifera L) TERHADAP INDEKS TOLERANSI CEKAMAN PADI GOGO PADA BERBAGAI TINGKAT CEKAMAN KEKERINGAN

Awal Ferdiansyah — 2024-09-30

Upland rice is susceptible to drought stress in crops, especially on marginal lands. Utilisation of Moringa leaf extract as a biostimulant that is very rich in important compounds is expected to increase plant tolerance to drought stress. This study aims to see the effect of the application of moringa leaf extract as a biostimulant to increase the resistance of upland rice plants to drought stress based on the Stress Tolerance Index (STI) value. The experiment was a 2-factor factorial experiment in a Randomised Completely Block Design pattern of Split Plots Design. The main plot was drought stress consisting of three levels of percentage of Field Capacity (FC), namely 100%, 75%, and 50%. Subplots was the application of Moringa Leaf Extract consisting of four concentration levels: 0% (Control), 5%, 10%, and 15% MLE. The results showed that the application of MLE on upland rice plants at a concentration of 15% gave an average grain yield per hectare of 1445 Kg under moderate stress conditions, and the concentration of MLE gave a Stress Tolerance Index (STI) value of 1.59 under moderate stress and 1.16 under severe stress and both were in the Tolerant category

EFEKTIVITAS FORMULASI SILICA GEL SEKAM PADI DAN MINYAK ATSIRI SEREH WANGI TERHADAP HAMA KUMBANG BUBUK (SITOPHILUS ZEAMAIS) PADA PENYIMPANAN BENIH JAGUNG

Riskyana Riskyana — 2024-09-30

Benih jagung yang disimpan seringkali mengalami penurunan mutu akibat peningkatan kadar air dikarenakan sifat benih yang higroskopis dan gangguan serangan hama kumbang bubuk Sitophilus zeamais yang dapat merusak benih. Silica gel dari sekam padi merupakan sebuah produk yang digunakan untuk mencegah kelembapan pada benih. Sereh wangi mempunyai tipe mekanisme pengendalian antiinsek, insektisidal, antifeedan, repelen, antifungal, antibakteri, dan berpotensi mengendalikan hama pada benih jagung. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk mengkaji “Pengaruh Formulasi Silica gel dari limbah Sekam Padi dan Minyak Atsiri Sereh Wangi Terhadap Benih Jagung”. Penelitian dibagi menjadi beberapa tahapan diantaranya: tahapan pertama pembuatan abu sekam padi, pembuatan sol silica sekam padi, pembuatan paraffin aromatik minyak atsiri sereh wangi, pengemasan, dan analisis data. Tahapan kedua meliputi uji repelensi hama, populasi hama, kemerosotan bobot benih, kadar air benih, daya berkecambah, dan bobot kering kecambah normal. Formulasi minyak atsiri sereh wangi yang digunakan yaitu konsentrasi 10% dan 15%. Berdasarkan formulasi yang telah digunakan, formulasi silica gel dan konsentrasi minyak atsiri 15% cukup efektif dan berpengaruh nyata dalam mengurangi perkembangan populasi hama S. zeamais terhadap penyimpanan benih jagung dibandingkan control tanpa perlakuan